Starch is a high polymer of glucose, which hydrolyzes to a disaccharide stage and becomes maltose. After complete hydrolysis, it yields a monosaccharide (glucose). There are two types of starch: amylose and amylopectin. The former is a spiral structure without branches; The latter consists of 24-30 glucose residues α- The 1,4-glycosidic bond is formed by connecting the end to end, and at the branch chain, it is α- 1,6-glycosidic bonds. Amylose starch appears blue when exposed to iodine, while branched starch appears purple red when exposed to iodine. This is not because starch undergoes a chemical reaction with iodine, resulting in an interaction. Instead, the central hole in the starch helix is able to accommodate iodine molecules, and through van der Waals force, the two form a blue black complex. Experiments have shown that individual iodine molecules cannot cause starch to turn blue, but in fact, it is the iodine molecule ion (I3) that causes starch to turn blue. Starch is a nutrient stored in plants, stored in seeds and tubers, and has a high starch content in various types of plants.
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